Chemistry

Physical chemistry 1. Matter 1.1. Atoms and molecules - Subatomic particles, isotopes and relative atomic mass 1.2. Atoms and molecules - Mass spectrometry 1.3. The mole concept – Mole, molar volume, Avogadro's constant 1.4. The mole concept – Concentration of solution (Part 1) 1.5. The mole concept – Concentration of solution (Part 2) 1.6. The mole concept - Oxidation number and redox reaction 1.7. The mole concept - Stechiometric calculations (Part 1) 1.8. The mole concept – Stoichiometric calculations (Part 2) 1.9. The mole concept – Calculations the amount of reactants and products 1.10. States of matter – Gases (Part 1). Gaseous laws 1.11. States of matter – Gases (Part 2). Ideal gas equation 1.12. States of matter – Gases (Part 3). Dalton’s law. Graham’s law 1.13. States of matter – Gases (Part 4). The kinetic theory of gases 1.14. States of matter – Gases (Part 5). The van der Waals equation 1.15. States of matter – Liquids 1.16. States of matter – Solid – Unit cells 1.17. States of matter – Solid – Crystalline structures 2. Atomic structure 2.1. Atomic models. Atomic spectra. Bohr’s postulates 2.2. Atomic models. Electron energy levels 2.3. Atomic models. Spectral series 2.4. Atomic models. The ionisation energy of the hydrogen atom 2.5. Atomic models. Wave nature of matter 2.6. Orbitals and quantum numbers (Part 1) 2.7. Orbitals and quantum numbers (Part 2) 2.8. Electron configuration of atoms (Part 1) 2.9. Electron configuration of atoms (Part 2) 2.10. Electron configuration of atoms (Part 3) 3. Periodic table 3.1. Classification of the elements into periods, groups, blocks 3.2. Periodicity – Atomic and ionic radii 3.3. Periodicity – Ionisation energy (Part 1) 3.4. Periodicity – Ionisation energy (Part 2) 3.5. Periodicity – Electron affinity and electronegativity 3.6. Periodicity – Physical properties. Acid-base properties of oxides 4. Chemical bonding 4.1. Valence electrons and Lewis structures – Lewis symbols. Octet rule 4.2. Valence electrons and Lewis structures – Stable electron configurations. Salts 4.3. Valence electrons and Lewis structures – Ionic compounds 4.4. Valence electrons and Lewis structures – Covalent bond 4.5. Valence electrons and Lewis structures – Stability of Lewis structures 4.6. Valence electrons and Lewis structures – Writing Lewis strucutures. Polar covalent bonds 4.7. Covalent bond – VSEPR theory 4.8. Covalent bond – Shapes of molecules 4.9. Covalent bond – Orbital overlap 4.10. Covalent bond – Polar and non-polar molecules 4.11. Hybridization of atomic orbitals (Part 1) 4.12. Hybridization of atomic orbitals (Part 2) 4.13. Hybridization of atomic orbitals (Part 3) 4.14. Hybridization of atomic orbitals (Part 4) 4.15. Intermolecular forces – Van der Waals forces 4.16. Intermolecular forces – Hydrogen bonding 4.17. Metallic bond 5. Chemical equilibrium 5.1. State of equilibrium 5.2. Equilibrium constant for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems 5.3. Direction of net reaction 5.4. The concept of equilibrium – Calculations 5.5. Le Chatelier's principle 5.6. Factors affecting systems in equilibrium 6. Ionic Equilibria 6.1. Theory of acids and bases. The Arrhenius theory. Acids, bases and salts 6.2. Ionic equilibria. Bronstedt-Lowry theory. Conjugate acid-base pairs 6.3. Theory of acids and bases. Strong and weak acids and bases 6.4. Theory of acids and bases. Lewis theory 6.5. Theory of acids and bases. Concept of Kw, pH and pOH 6.6. Theory of acids and bases. pH of weak acids. Ka concept 6.7. Theory of acids and bases. pH of weak bases. Kb concept 6.8. Theory of acids and bases. Salt hydrolysis 6.9. Theory of acids and bases. Buffer solutions 6.10. Acid-base titration and pH indicators (Part 1) 6.11. Acid-base titration and pH indicators (Part 2) 6.12. Solubility products. Definitions 6.13. Solubility products. Precipitation of ionic compounds 7. Phase equilibrium 7.1. Phase and component 7.2. Single component systems. Phase diagram 7.3. Single component systems. Phase changes 7.4. Two component systems. Mixtures and solutions. Raoult's law 7.5. Two component systems. Ideal and non-ideal solutions 7.6. Two component systems - Vapour pressure and boiling point diagrams. Azeotropic mixture 7.7. Two component systems - Fractional distillation (Ideal mixture) 7.8. Two component systems – Fractional distillation (Non-ideal solution) 7.9. Colligative properties of solutions – Lowering of vapour pressure. Boiling point elevation 7.10. Colligative properties of solutions – Freezing point depression 7.11. Colligative properties of solutions – Osmotic pressure 8. Thermochemistry 8.1. The concept of enthalpy. Basic concepts 8.2. Reaction entalpies and calorimetry 8.3. Hess's law 8.4. Bohr-Haber cycle. Electron affinity and lattice energy 8.5. Bohr-Haber cycle 9. Electrochemistry 9.1. Reactions in electrochemical voltaic/galvanic cell 9.2. Cell potential and standard reduction potential 9.3. Standard hydrogen electrode (Part 1) 9.4. Standard hydrogen electrode (Part 2) 9.5. Effects of concentration on cell potential (Part 1) 9.6. Effects of concentration on cell potential (Part 2) 9.7. Electrolysis (Part 1) 9.8. Electrolysis (Part 2) 10. Reaction kinetics 10.1. Rate law (Part 1) 10.2. Rate law (Part 2) 10.3. Rate law (Part 3) 10.4. Rate law (Part 4) 10.5. Collision theory 10.6. Factors affecting reaction rate (Part 1) 10.7. Factors affecting reaction rate (Part 2) 10.8. Factors affecting reaction rate (Part 3) Organic chemistry 11. Introduction to organic chemistry 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Empirical molecular and structural formulae 11.3. Functional groups and homologous series 11.4. Classification of carbon atoms in organic molecules 11.5. Isomerism and stereoisomerism 11.6. Isomerism. Geometrical and optical isomerism 11.7. Reactions in organic compounds (Part 1) 11.8. Reactions in organic compounds (Part 2) 11.9. Reactions in organic compounds (Part 3) 12. Hydrocarbons 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Alkanes: Structure and nomenclature 12.3. Alkanes: Physical properties and preparation of alkanes 12.4. Alkanes: Chemical properties of alkanes 12.5. Alkenes: Structure, nomenclature and physical properties 12.6. Alkenes: The preparation of alkenes by elimination reactions 12.7. Alkenes: Addition reactions of alkenes 12.8. Alkenes: The mechanism of electrophilic addition. Markovnikov's rule 12.9. Alkenes: Unsaturation tests. Determination of the position of a double bond 12.10. Alkynes (Part 1) 12.11. Alkynes (Part 2) 12.12. Arenes (Part 1) 12.13. Arenes (Part 2) 12.14. Arenes (Part 3) 12.15. Arenes (Part 4) 12.16. Arenes (Part 5) 13. Haloalkanes 13.1. Haloalkanes (Part 1) 13.2. Haloalkanes (Part 2) 13.3. Haloalkanes (Part 3) 14. Hydroxy compounds 14.1. Hydroxy compounds (Part 1) 14.2. Hydroxy compounds (Part 2) 14.3. Hydroxy compounds (Part 3) 14.4. Hydroxy compounds (Part 4) 14.5. Hydroxy compounds (Part 5) 15. Carbonyl compounds 15.1. Carbonyl compounds (Part 1) 15.2. Carbonyl compounds (Part 2) 15.3. Carbonyl compounds (Part 3) 15.4. Carbonyl compounds (Part 4) 15.5. Carbonyl compounds (Part 5) 15.6. Carbonyl compounds (Part 6) 16. Carboxylic acids and derivatives 16.1. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 1) 16.2. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 2) 16.3. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 3) 16.4. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 4) 16.5. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 5) 16.6. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 6) 16.7. Carboxylic acids and derivatives (Part 7) 17. Amines 17.1. Amines (Part 1) 17.2. Amines (Part 2) 17.3. Amines (Part 3) 17.4. Amines (Part 4) 18. Amino acids and proteins 18.1. Amino acids and proteins (Part 1) – Structure and nomenclature of amino acids 18.2. Amino acids and proteins (Part 2) – Opitical activity. Zwitterions. Isoelectric points 18.3. Amino acids and proteins (Part 3) – Chemical properties of amino acids 19. Carbohydrates 19.1. Carbohydrates (Part 1) 19.2. Carbohydrates (Part 2) 19.3. Carbohydrates (Part 3) 20. Polymers 20.1. Polymers (Part 1) 20.2. Polymers (Part 2) 20.3. Polymers (Part 3)