Physics

1. The Basic of Measurements 1.1. Physical Quantities and Measurements 1.1.1. Physics as Study of Nature. The Role of Measurement 1.1.2. Scientific Notation and Unit Conversion 1.1.3. Measurements and Errors 1.1.4. Graphs 1.1.5. Scalars and Vectors. Resultant Vector 1.1.6. Vector product 2. Mechanics 2.2. Kinematics 2.2.1. Fundamental Concepts. Uniform Motion 2.2.2. Variable Motion 2.2.3. Uniformly Accelerating Motion 2.2.4. Projectile Motion 2.3. Force, Impulse, Momentum 2.3.1. Forces in Nature. Newton's Laws of Dynamics 2.3.2. Equations of Motion. 2nd Law of Dynamics 2.3.3. Friction. Its Nature and Importance 2.3.4. Momentum and Its Conservation 2.3.5. Collisions and Scattering 2.3.6. Collisions in Two Dimensions 2.4. Work, Energy and Power 2.4.1. Work 2.4.2. Mechanical Energy 2.4.3. The Law of Conservation of Energy 2.4.4. Power 2.5. Statics 2.5.1. Equilibrium of a Particle 2.5.2. Rigid Body 2.5.3. Equilibrium of a Rigid Body 2.6. Circular Motion 2.6.1. Centripetal and Tangential Acceleration 2.6.2. Circular Motion (Centripetal Force) 2.6.3. Several Worked Examples 2.6.4. Gravity and Circular Motion 2.7. Kinematics of Rotation of Rigid Bodies 2.7.1. Kinematics of Rotational Motion of a Rigid Body 2.7.2. Equations for Rotational Motion of a Rigid Body 2.7.3. Moment of Inertia and Kinetic Energy of a Rotating Rigid Body 2.7.4. The Angular Momentum of Rotational Motion of a Rigid Body 2.7.5. Rolling 2.8. Gravitation 2.8.1. The Law of Universal Gravitation 2.8.2. Gravitational Field Strength 2.8.3. Work and Potential Energy in Central Gravitational Field 2.8.4. Gravitational Field Potential 2.8.5. Weight and Weightlessness 2.8.6. Energy of Satellites. Velocities 2.8.7. Motion of Planets of the Solar System 2.9. Simple Harmonic Motion and Oscillations 2.9.1. Vibrations and Oscillations 2.9.2. Dynamics of Harmonic Oscillations 2.9.3. Harmonic Oscillators 2.9.4. Vibration Energy. Dissipation of Energy 2.9.5. Forced Vibration. Resonance 2.10. Mechanical Wave 2.10.1. Waves and Their Basic Properties 2.10.2. Travelling Waves 2.10.3. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves. Sound 2.10.4. Diffraction, Reflection and Refraction of Waves 2.10.5. Sound Waves 2.10.6. Superposition of Waves. Interference 2.10.7. Stationary Waves 2.10.8. Intensity of Waves and Beats 2.10.9. Doppler Effect 3. Properties of Matter 3.11. The States of Matter 3.11.1. Structure of Solids 3.11.2. Fluids - Liquids and Gases 3.11.3. Phase Transitions 3.12. Deformation of Solid 3.12.1. Elastic Deformations. Hooke’s Law 3.12.2. Determining Young’s Modulus. Elastic Potential Energy 3.12.3. Graph of a Tensile Test 3.13. Fluids Mechanics 3.13.1. Hydrostatic Pressure 3.13.2. Pascal's Law and Archimedes Principle 3.13.3. Liquid in Motion. Bernoulli's Equation 3.13.4. Viscosity of Liquids 3.13.5. Surface Tension and Capillarity 3.14. Temperature and Heat 3.14.1. Temperature and Thermodynamic Equilibrium 3.14.2. Thermometers and Temperature Scales 3.14.3. Quantity of Heat 3.14.4. Heat Transfer 3.14.5. Thermal Radiation and Thermal Expansion 3.15. Kinetic Theory of Gases 3.15.1. Gas Laws 3.15.2. Ideal Gas. State Equation 3.15.3. Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gas 3.15.4. Equipartition of Energy 3.15.5. Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas 3.16. Thermodynamics 3.16.1. Work in Thermodynamic Processes 3.16.2. First Law of Thermodynamics 3.16.3. Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas 3.16.4. Isothermal and Complex Processes 3.16.5. Adiabatic Process 3.16.6. Applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 4. Optics 4.1. Geometric Optics 4.1.1. Laws of Reflection. Spherical Mirrors 4.1.2. Reflection of Spherical Mirror 4.1.3. Refraction at a Flat Mirror 4.1.4. Lensmaker's Equation 4.1.5. Thin Lenses 4.1.6. Optical Devices 4.2. Physical Optics 4.2.1. Young's Double Slit Interference 4.2.2. Interference in Thin Film 4.2.3. Diffraction on a Single Slit 4.2.4. Circular Apertures and Resolving Power 4.2.5. Diffraction Grating 4.2.6. Use of Diffraction Grating and Prism 4.2.7. Polarisation of Ligh 4.2.8. Optical Phenomena 5. Electricity 5.3. Electrostatic 5.3.1. Electric Charges and Coulomb Law 5.3.2. Electric Field Strength. Superposition of Fields 5.3.3. Gauss's Law. Relation to Coulomb Law 5.3.4. Potential Energy and Potential of the Field 5.3.5. Examples of Electric Field 5.3.6. Motion of Charges in Uniform Electric Field 5.4. Capacitors and Dielectrics 5.4.1. Capacitors: Flat and Spherical 5.4.2. Connecting Capacitors 5.4.3. Energy Stored in Capacitors. Influence of Dielectric 5.5. Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits 5.5.1. Electric Conduction and Electric Current 5.5.2. Conductivity and Resistivity 5.5.3. Ohm's Law and Applications 5.5.4. Energy and Power of the Electric Current 5.5.5. Electromotive Force and Simple Circuits 5.5.6. Kirchhoff's First Law. Connecting Resistors 5.5.7. Second Kirchhoff's Law. Potential Divider 5.5.8. Electrical Devices 6. Magnetism 6.6. Magnetic Field 6.6.1. Lorentz Force and Magnetic Field 6.6.2. Magnetic Force on Moving Charge and on Straight Conductor 6.6.3. Applications: Cyclotron, Hall Effect 6.6.4. Force and Torque on Current Loop in Magnetic Field 6.6.5. Biot-Savart's and Ampere's Laws 6.6.6. Force Between Two Parallel Current-carrying Conductors. Definition of Ampere 6.6.7. Further Applications of Biot-Savart's and Ampere's Laws 6.6.8. Motion of Electric Charges in Magnetic and Electric Fields 6.7. Electromagnetic Induction 6.7.1. Principles of Magnetic Induction 6.7.2. Motional Electromotive Force 6.7.3. Applications 6.7.4. Self-inductance and Mutual Inductance 6.7.5. Magnetic Field Energy and Eddy Currents 6.7.6. Application: Inductor, Transformer 6.7.7. Maxwell's Equations 6.8. Alternating Current 6.8.1. Alternating Currents and Phasors 6.8.2. Resistance and Reactance 6.8.3. LRC Circuits. Part I 6.8.4. LRC Circuits. Part II - Resonance 6.8.5. Power in AC Circuits 6.8.6. Rectification of Alternating Currents 6.9. Electromagnetic Waves 6.9.1. Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves 6.9.2. Basic Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 6.9.3. Electromagnetic Waves in Media 6.9.4. Energy and Momentum of Electromagnetic Waves 7. Quantum Physics 7.10. Photons and Quantized Energy 7.10.1. Blackbody Radiation. Concept of Photons 7.10.2. Photoelectric Effect 7.10.3. bsorption, Stimulated Emission, Spontaneous Emission of Photons 7.10.4. The Wave and Particle Nature of Light 7.11. Wave Particle Duality 7.11.1. De Broglie Postulates. Waves and Particles 7.11.2. Electron Diffraction. Electron Microscope 7.11.3. Wave Particle Duality. Probability and Uncertainty 8. Atomic Physics 8.12. Atomic Structure 8.12.1. Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom 8.12.2. Atomic Structure and Spectra 8.12.3. Electron Spin. Zeeman Effect. Pauli Exclusion Principle 8.12.4. Many-electron Atoms. Quantum Numbers 8.13. X-ray 8.13.1. Production of X-Rays and Their Properties 8.13.2. X-Ray Phenomena 8.14. Laser 8.14.1. Laser 8.14.2. Applications Lasers in Science, Technology and Medicine 9. Nuclear Physics 9.15. Nucleus 9.15.1. Nuclear Forces. Constituents of the Nucleus. Isotopes 9.15.2. Binding Energy and Mass Defect 9.15.3. Nuclear Physics 9.16. Nuclear Reaction 9.16.1. Nuclear Reactions. Role of Conservation Laws 9.16.2. Nuclear Fission. Chain Reaction 9.16.3. Nuclear Fusion 9.17. Radioactivity 9.17.1. Radioactive Decay Processes 9.17.2. Law of Radioactive Decay 9.17.3. Applications and Effects of Radioisotopes